Increasing sustainability for Reverse Osmosis (RO) applications requires extensive research into methods for water recycling, water and energy savings and increasing system recovery. This continued research, collection of data and advancements in technology will push new understandings of how targeted chemistry can perform beyond the Reverse Osmosis (RO) system and with more challenging feedwaters, accurate updates in chemical projection software will be required in order to predict the maximum recovery and scaling potential of a variety of water sources. This article considers vital components and issues within the RO system requiring further analysis and development in order to ascertain greater sustainability.